PreNUDGE FHIR® IG for Data Provider / Data from Apps (R4)
0.1.0 - ci-build

PreNUDGE FHIR® IG for Data Provider / Data from Apps (R4) - Local Development build (v0.1.0) built by the FHIR (HL7® FHIR® Standard) Build Tools. See the Directory of published versions

## Resource Profile: AT PreNUDGE Questionnaire Response

Official URL: https://fhir.hl7.at/prenudge/appdata/r4/StructureDefinition/at-prenudge-questionnaireresponse | Version: 0.1.0
Draft as of 2026-04-03 | Responsible: The PreNUDGE Consortium | Computable Name: AtPrenudgeQuestionnaireResponse

This FHIR profile is defining the overall Questionnaire Response for PreNUDGE. Be aware that if the user enters values from a device into a questionnaire, it is still considered a manual input. Please keep in mind that all questionnaire responses must comply with the qualification matrix on https://prenudge.at/qualificationmatrix/.

Usages:

- Examples for this Profile: QuestionnaireResponse/AlcoholResponseDaily, QuestionnaireResponse/AlcoholResponseNever, QuestionnaireResponse/bloodglucose-response-elevated-example, QuestionnaireResponse/bloodglucose-response-normal-example... Show 5 more, QuestionnaireResponse/stepcount-ehispaq-high, QuestionnaireResponse/stepcount-ehispaq-normal, QuestionnaireResponse/stepcount-quantity-response-high-example, QuestionnaireResponse/stepcount-quantity-response-normal-example and QuestionnaireResponse/whoqol-bref-response-example

You can also check for usages in the FHIR IG Statistics

### Formal Views of Profile Content

Description of Profiles, Differentials, Snapshots and how the different presentations work.

- Key Elements Table
- Differential Table
- Snapshot Table
- Statistics/References
- All

Name | Flags | Card. | Type | Description & Constraints Filter: Bindings Constraints Obligations
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
QuestionnaireResponse |  | 0..* | QuestionnaireResponse | A structured set of questions and their answers
implicitRules | ?!Σ | 0..1 | uri | A set of rules under which this content was created
modifierExtension | ?! | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored
identifier | Σ | 1..1 | Identifier | Mandatory date the answers were gathered
use | ?!Σ | 0..1 | code | usual | official | temp | secondary | old (If known) Binding: IdentifierUse (required): Identifies the purpose for this identifier, if known .
system | Σ | 1..1 | uri | The namespace for the identifier value, if no other specifications are given, use your website url Example General: http://www.acme.com/identifiers/patient
value | Σ | 1..1 | string | The value that is unique Example General: 123456
status | ?!Σ | 1..1 | code | In PreNUDGE only completed QuestionnaireResponses are beeing accepted Binding: QuestionnaireResponseStatus (required): Lifecycle status of the questionnaire response. Required Pattern: completed
authored | Σ | 1..1 | dateTime | Date the answers were gathered
Documentation for this format

#### Terminology Bindings

Path | Status | Usage | ValueSet | Version | Source
QuestionnaireResponse.​identifier.use | Base | required | IdentifierUse | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
QuestionnaireResponse.​status | Base | required | QuestionnaireResponseStatus | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.

#### Constraints

Id | Grade | Path(s) | Description | Expression
dom-2 | error | QuestionnaireResponse | If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources | `contained.contained.empty()`
dom-3 | error | QuestionnaireResponse | If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource | `contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()`
dom-4 | error | QuestionnaireResponse | If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated | `contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()`
dom-5 | error | QuestionnaireResponse | If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label | `contained.meta.security.empty()`
dom-6 | best practice | QuestionnaireResponse | A resource should have narrative for robust management | `text.`div`.exists()`
ele-1 | error | **ALL** elements | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children | `hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`
ext-1 | error | **ALL** extensions | Must have either extensions or value[x], not both | `extension.exists() != value.exists()`

This structure is derived from QuestionnaireResponse

Name | Flags | Card. | Type | Description & Constraints Filter: Bindings Constraints Obligations
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
QuestionnaireResponse |  | 0..* | QuestionnaireResponse | A structured set of questions and their answers
identifier |  | 1..1 | Identifier | Mandatory date the answers were gathered
system |  | 1..1 | uri | The namespace for the identifier value, if no other specifications are given, use your website url
value |  | 1..1 | string | The value that is unique
status |  | 1..1 | code | In PreNUDGE only completed QuestionnaireResponses are beeing accepted Required Pattern: completed
authored |  | 1..1 | dateTime | Date the answers were gathered
Documentation for this format

Name | Flags | Card. | Type | Description & Constraints Filter: Bindings Constraints Obligations
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
QuestionnaireResponse |  | 0..* | QuestionnaireResponse | A structured set of questions and their answers
id | Σ | 0..1 | id | Logical id of this artifact
meta | Σ | 0..1 | Meta | Metadata about the resource
implicitRules | ?!Σ | 0..1 | uri | A set of rules under which this content was created
language |  | 0..1 | code | Language of the resource content Binding: CommonLanguages (preferred): A human language.
Additional Bindings | Purpose
AllLanguages | Max Binding
text |  | 0..1 | Narrative | Text summary of the resource, for human interpretation This profile does not constrain the narrative in regard to content, language, or traceability to data elements
contained |  | 0..* | Resource | Contained, inline Resources
extension |  | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension | ?! | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored
identifier | Σ | 1..1 | Identifier | Mandatory date the answers were gathered
id |  | 0..1 | string | Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension |  | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
use | ?!Σ | 0..1 | code | usual | official | temp | secondary | old (If known) Binding: IdentifierUse (required): Identifies the purpose for this identifier, if known .
type | Σ | 0..1 | CodeableConcept | Description of identifier Binding: Identifier Type Codes (extensible): A coded type for an identifier that can be used to determine which identifier to use for a specific purpose.
system | Σ | 1..1 | uri | The namespace for the identifier value, if no other specifications are given, use your website url Example General: http://www.acme.com/identifiers/patient
value | Σ | 1..1 | string | The value that is unique Example General: 123456
period | Σ | 0..1 | Period | Time period when id is/was valid for use
assigner | Σ | 0..1 | Reference(Organization) | Organization that issued id (may be just text)
basedOn | Σ | 0..* | Reference(CarePlan | ServiceRequest) | Request fulfilled by this QuestionnaireResponse
partOf | Σ | 0..* | Reference(Observation | Procedure) | Part of this action
questionnaire | Σ | 0..1 | canonical(Questionnaire) | Form being answered
status | ?!Σ | 1..1 | code | In PreNUDGE only completed QuestionnaireResponses are beeing accepted Binding: QuestionnaireResponseStatus (required): Lifecycle status of the questionnaire response. Required Pattern: completed
subject | Σ | 0..1 | Reference(Resource) | The subject of the questions
encounter | Σ | 0..1 | Reference(Encounter) | Encounter created as part of
authored | Σ | 1..1 | dateTime | Date the answers were gathered
author | Σ | 0..1 | Reference(Device | Practitioner | PractitionerRole | Patient | RelatedPerson | Organization) | Person who received and recorded the answers
source | Σ | 0..1 | Reference(Patient | Practitioner | PractitionerRole | RelatedPerson) | The person who answered the questions
item | C | 0..* | BackboneElement | Groups and questions Constraints: qrs-1
id |  | 0..1 | string | Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension |  | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension | ?!Σ | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
linkId |  | 1..1 | string | Pointer to specific item from Questionnaire
definition |  | 0..1 | uri | ElementDefinition - details for the item
text |  | 0..1 | string | Name for group or question text
answer |  | 0..* | BackboneElement | The response(s) to the question
id |  | 0..1 | string | Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension |  | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension | ?!Σ | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
value[x] |  | 0..1 |  | Single-valued answer to the question Binding: QuestionnaireAnswerCodes (example): Code indicating the response provided for a question.
valueBoolean |  |  | boolean |
valueDecimal |  |  | decimal |
valueInteger |  |  | integer |
valueDate |  |  | date |
valueDateTime |  |  | dateTime |
valueTime |  |  | time |
valueString |  |  | string |
valueUri |  |  | uri |
valueAttachment |  |  | Attachment |
valueCoding |  |  | Coding |
valueQuantity |  |  | Quantity |
valueReference |  |  | Reference(Resource) |
item |  | 0..* | See item (QuestionnaireResponse) | Nested groups and questions
item |  | 0..* | See item (QuestionnaireResponse) | Nested questionnaire response items
Documentation for this format

#### Terminology Bindings

Path | Status | Usage | ValueSet | Version | Source
QuestionnaireResponse.​language | Base | preferred | Common Languages | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
QuestionnaireResponse.​identifier.use | Base | required | IdentifierUse | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
QuestionnaireResponse.​identifier.type | Base | extensible | IdentifierType | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
QuestionnaireResponse.​status | Base | required | QuestionnaireResponseStatus | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
QuestionnaireResponse.​item.answer.value[x] | Base | example | Questionnaire Answer Codes | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.

#### Constraints

Id | Grade | Path(s) | Description | Expression
dom-2 | error | QuestionnaireResponse | If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources | `contained.contained.empty()`
dom-3 | error | QuestionnaireResponse | If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource | `contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()`
dom-4 | error | QuestionnaireResponse | If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated | `contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()`
dom-5 | error | QuestionnaireResponse | If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label | `contained.meta.security.empty()`
dom-6 | best practice | QuestionnaireResponse | A resource should have narrative for robust management | `text.`div`.exists()`
ele-1 | error | **ALL** elements | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children | `hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`
ext-1 | error | **ALL** extensions | Must have either extensions or value[x], not both | `extension.exists() != value.exists()`
qrs-1 | error | QuestionnaireResponse.item | Nested item can't be beneath both item and answer | `(answer.exists() and item.exists()).not()`

This structure is derived from QuestionnaireResponse

Summary

Mandatory: 4 elements

Key Elements View

Name | Flags | Card. | Type | Description & Constraints Filter: Bindings Constraints Obligations
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
QuestionnaireResponse |  | 0..* | QuestionnaireResponse | A structured set of questions and their answers
implicitRules | ?!Σ | 0..1 | uri | A set of rules under which this content was created
modifierExtension | ?! | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored
identifier | Σ | 1..1 | Identifier | Mandatory date the answers were gathered
use | ?!Σ | 0..1 | code | usual | official | temp | secondary | old (If known) Binding: IdentifierUse (required): Identifies the purpose for this identifier, if known .
system | Σ | 1..1 | uri | The namespace for the identifier value, if no other specifications are given, use your website url Example General: http://www.acme.com/identifiers/patient
value | Σ | 1..1 | string | The value that is unique Example General: 123456
status | ?!Σ | 1..1 | code | In PreNUDGE only completed QuestionnaireResponses are beeing accepted Binding: QuestionnaireResponseStatus (required): Lifecycle status of the questionnaire response. Required Pattern: completed
authored | Σ | 1..1 | dateTime | Date the answers were gathered
Documentation for this format

#### Terminology Bindings

Path | Status | Usage | ValueSet | Version | Source
QuestionnaireResponse.​identifier.use | Base | required | IdentifierUse | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
QuestionnaireResponse.​status | Base | required | QuestionnaireResponseStatus | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.

#### Constraints

Id | Grade | Path(s) | Description | Expression
dom-2 | error | QuestionnaireResponse | If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources | `contained.contained.empty()`
dom-3 | error | QuestionnaireResponse | If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource | `contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()`
dom-4 | error | QuestionnaireResponse | If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated | `contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()`
dom-5 | error | QuestionnaireResponse | If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label | `contained.meta.security.empty()`
dom-6 | best practice | QuestionnaireResponse | A resource should have narrative for robust management | `text.`div`.exists()`
ele-1 | error | **ALL** elements | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children | `hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`
ext-1 | error | **ALL** extensions | Must have either extensions or value[x], not both | `extension.exists() != value.exists()`

Differential View

This structure is derived from QuestionnaireResponse

Name | Flags | Card. | Type | Description & Constraints Filter: Bindings Constraints Obligations
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
QuestionnaireResponse |  | 0..* | QuestionnaireResponse | A structured set of questions and their answers
identifier |  | 1..1 | Identifier | Mandatory date the answers were gathered
system |  | 1..1 | uri | The namespace for the identifier value, if no other specifications are given, use your website url
value |  | 1..1 | string | The value that is unique
status |  | 1..1 | code | In PreNUDGE only completed QuestionnaireResponses are beeing accepted Required Pattern: completed
authored |  | 1..1 | dateTime | Date the answers were gathered
Documentation for this format

Snapshot View

Name | Flags | Card. | Type | Description & Constraints Filter: Bindings Constraints Obligations
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
QuestionnaireResponse |  | 0..* | QuestionnaireResponse | A structured set of questions and their answers
id | Σ | 0..1 | id | Logical id of this artifact
meta | Σ | 0..1 | Meta | Metadata about the resource
implicitRules | ?!Σ | 0..1 | uri | A set of rules under which this content was created
language |  | 0..1 | code | Language of the resource content Binding: CommonLanguages (preferred): A human language.
Additional Bindings | Purpose
AllLanguages | Max Binding
text |  | 0..1 | Narrative | Text summary of the resource, for human interpretation This profile does not constrain the narrative in regard to content, language, or traceability to data elements
contained |  | 0..* | Resource | Contained, inline Resources
extension |  | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension | ?! | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored
identifier | Σ | 1..1 | Identifier | Mandatory date the answers were gathered
id |  | 0..1 | string | Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension |  | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
use | ?!Σ | 0..1 | code | usual | official | temp | secondary | old (If known) Binding: IdentifierUse (required): Identifies the purpose for this identifier, if known .
type | Σ | 0..1 | CodeableConcept | Description of identifier Binding: Identifier Type Codes (extensible): A coded type for an identifier that can be used to determine which identifier to use for a specific purpose.
system | Σ | 1..1 | uri | The namespace for the identifier value, if no other specifications are given, use your website url Example General: http://www.acme.com/identifiers/patient
value | Σ | 1..1 | string | The value that is unique Example General: 123456
period | Σ | 0..1 | Period | Time period when id is/was valid for use
assigner | Σ | 0..1 | Reference(Organization) | Organization that issued id (may be just text)
basedOn | Σ | 0..* | Reference(CarePlan | ServiceRequest) | Request fulfilled by this QuestionnaireResponse
partOf | Σ | 0..* | Reference(Observation | Procedure) | Part of this action
questionnaire | Σ | 0..1 | canonical(Questionnaire) | Form being answered
status | ?!Σ | 1..1 | code | In PreNUDGE only completed QuestionnaireResponses are beeing accepted Binding: QuestionnaireResponseStatus (required): Lifecycle status of the questionnaire response. Required Pattern: completed
subject | Σ | 0..1 | Reference(Resource) | The subject of the questions
encounter | Σ | 0..1 | Reference(Encounter) | Encounter created as part of
authored | Σ | 1..1 | dateTime | Date the answers were gathered
author | Σ | 0..1 | Reference(Device | Practitioner | PractitionerRole | Patient | RelatedPerson | Organization) | Person who received and recorded the answers
source | Σ | 0..1 | Reference(Patient | Practitioner | PractitionerRole | RelatedPerson) | The person who answered the questions
item | C | 0..* | BackboneElement | Groups and questions Constraints: qrs-1
id |  | 0..1 | string | Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension |  | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension | ?!Σ | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
linkId |  | 1..1 | string | Pointer to specific item from Questionnaire
definition |  | 0..1 | uri | ElementDefinition - details for the item
text |  | 0..1 | string | Name for group or question text
answer |  | 0..* | BackboneElement | The response(s) to the question
id |  | 0..1 | string | Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension |  | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension | ?!Σ | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
value[x] |  | 0..1 |  | Single-valued answer to the question Binding: QuestionnaireAnswerCodes (example): Code indicating the response provided for a question.
valueBoolean |  |  | boolean |
valueDecimal |  |  | decimal |
valueInteger |  |  | integer |
valueDate |  |  | date |
valueDateTime |  |  | dateTime |
valueTime |  |  | time |
valueString |  |  | string |
valueUri |  |  | uri |
valueAttachment |  |  | Attachment |
valueCoding |  |  | Coding |
valueQuantity |  |  | Quantity |
valueReference |  |  | Reference(Resource) |
item |  | 0..* | See item (QuestionnaireResponse) | Nested groups and questions
item |  | 0..* | See item (QuestionnaireResponse) | Nested questionnaire response items
Documentation for this format

#### Terminology Bindings

Path | Status | Usage | ValueSet | Version | Source
QuestionnaireResponse.​language | Base | preferred | Common Languages | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
QuestionnaireResponse.​identifier.use | Base | required | IdentifierUse | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
QuestionnaireResponse.​identifier.type | Base | extensible | IdentifierType | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
QuestionnaireResponse.​status | Base | required | QuestionnaireResponseStatus | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
QuestionnaireResponse.​item.answer.value[x] | Base | example | Questionnaire Answer Codes | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.

#### Constraints

Id | Grade | Path(s) | Description | Expression
dom-2 | error | QuestionnaireResponse | If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources | `contained.contained.empty()`
dom-3 | error | QuestionnaireResponse | If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource | `contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()`
dom-4 | error | QuestionnaireResponse | If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated | `contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()`
dom-5 | error | QuestionnaireResponse | If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label | `contained.meta.security.empty()`
dom-6 | best practice | QuestionnaireResponse | A resource should have narrative for robust management | `text.`div`.exists()`
ele-1 | error | **ALL** elements | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children | `hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`
ext-1 | error | **ALL** extensions | Must have either extensions or value[x], not both | `extension.exists() != value.exists()`
qrs-1 | error | QuestionnaireResponse.item | Nested item can't be beneath both item and answer | `(answer.exists() and item.exists()).not()`

This structure is derived from QuestionnaireResponse

Summary

Mandatory: 4 elements

Other representations of profile: CSV, Excel, Schematron